A number of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking the CSF1/CSF1R axis are under clinical development: cabiralizumab (FPA008) for the treatment of pancreatic, non-small cell lung and renal cell cancer, in addition to TCGT and melanoma (see Table 1); emactuzumab (RG7155) in combination with bevacizumab (anti-VEGF mAb) and paclitaxel is under evaluation for the treatment of ovarian cancer (NCT02923739); MCS110 mAb was instead approved for a phase 1/2 clinical trial for the treatment of melanoma in combination with BRAF/MEK inhibitors (NCT03455764). The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is melanoma.