VEGFA and neoplasm: At the cellular level, the adaptation to hypoxia is predominantly mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), consisting of an oxygen-sensitive α-subunit and a constitutively expressed β-subunit, that regulate the expression of target genes promoting angiogenesis such as VEGF, glycolysis such as GLUT-1, acidosis such as CA-IX (carbonic anhydrase IX), metastasis, increased tumor growth and resistance to treatments [16].