TRPV1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In particular, it has been demonstrated that (i) TRPV1 inhibits food intake, improves insulin sensitivity and stimulates thermogenesis [123], (ii) PPARα stimulates fatty acid β-oxidation [124], (iii) GPR55 enhances insulin sensitivity and reduces obesity [125], (iv) CB2 reduces insulin resistance and contributes to the management of diabetes due to its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [126], and (v) PPARγ stimulates insulin sensitivity [82].