INS and metabolic syndrome: In particular, it has been repeatedly reported that CB1 activation increases (i) food intake, adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as insulin and leptin resistance in the adipose tissue [105,119,120]; (ii) the expression of enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis, as well as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in the liver [121]; and (iii) insulin secretion and trafficking of insulin granules in the endocrine pancreas [105].