Transcriptomic analysis of male mouse islets after low-dose TCDD exposure in vitro revealed a total of 5,484 upregulated and 305 downregulated genes compared with DMSO exposure (89); several pathways involved in islet function and insulin secretion were altered, including phosphatidylinositol signaling system, Ca2+ signaling, mTOR signaling, Wnt signaling, insulin signaling, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (89). This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.