TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Nintedanib was shown to interfere with fundamental processes in lung fibrosis in a variety of in vitro assays performed on primary lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF, notably the inhibition of growth factor‐induced proliferation/migration and TGF‐β‐induced myofibroblast activation, as well as the downregulation of ECM proteins (Wollin et al, 2015).