Pilot experiments using volasertib (50 mg/kg/week, a tolerated dose using colon carcinoma PDX models; ref. 56) plus carboplatin showed a strong therapeutic effect in Plk2−/−; p53−/− claudin-low tumors, but not p53−/− claudin-low tumors (Supplementary Fig. S7A and S7B). This evidence concerns the gene TP53 and colon carcinoma.