CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although EGFR-TKIs targeting EGFR-sensitive mutations and ICIs targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) have become first-line treatments for NSCLC [5, 29], immune-related adverse events and the development of resistance lead to the failure of these therapies [30–32].