IL4 and rectal cancer: In locally advanced rectal cancer, elevated expression of VSTM2L conferred chemoradiotherapy resistance via regulation of interleukin (IL)-4 signaling pathway (Liu et al., 2021), which is involved in the immune response in cancer patients (Lee et al., 2009; Rajaraman et al., 2009; Siliņa et al., 2011; Li et al., 2019; Didonna et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2020).