GCG, IRS1, VEGFA, STAT3, CCL2, CASP3, and APOE as diabetes mellitus-related proteins and SREBF1, LPL, PPARA, APOB, GPT, MAPK8, and FASN as NAFLD-specific proteins were identified as possible discriminating factors between the two studied diseases. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.