BAX and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Mofid et al. found that IGFBP3 resensitizes chemoresistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells by activating apoptosis through recruitment of its death receptor (IGFBP3R), as indicated by Bcl-2 downregulation, Bax upregulation, and caspase-3 and caspase-8 activation [27].