The present study aimed to reveal the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, GATAD2A, and STAT3 genes and metabolism-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD), so as to provide a research basis for further exploring the diagnosis and treatment of diseases at the molecular level. The gene discussed is PNPLA3; the disease is fatty liver disease.