EMT is characterized by a complex dynamic change, with a concomitant decline of epithelial cell markers (including β-catenin and E-cadherin) and increased mesenchymal markers (including vimentin and N-cadherin) (Arias, 2001), which has been shown to contribute to cancer metastasis and invasion in osteosarcoma (Buddingh et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2017). Here, VIM is linked to osteosarcoma.