IL1RAP and acute myeloid leukemia: Authors such as Ho et al., applied the gene-editing process of CRISPR/Cas systems in knocking out interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein (IL1RAP) genes in human leukemia stem cells in an attempt to abolish relapses of leukemia in AML patients by designing a bone marrow scaffold–mediated delivery of the therapeutic CRISPR system (Ho et al., 2021).