It has been reported that PD-L1 expression is regulated by genetic alterations (e.g., rearrangements in the 30 UTR PD-L1 mRNA), tumor-intrinsic oncogenic pathways (e.g., RAS-MEK-ERK, CDK5, PI3K-AKT, HIF-1a), and posttranslational modifications (e.g., CMTM6/CMTM4, HIP1R, CUL3), whereas the exact regulation mechanism of PD-L1 on protein level is still unknown (16). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.