In the current study, intriguingly there is an increase in both DAMPS, calreticulin and HMGB1 in all three compartments in the immediate post-operative period, which would suggest an anti-tumour response however, paradoxically in a study on patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery, increased plasma levels of DAMPs were associated with immune suppression and postoperative infections in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (32, 33). This evidence concerns the gene CALR and infection.