This current study suggests an immunosuppressive milieu perioperatively with reduced Th1 cytokines in the immediate post-operative setting compared to pre-operative levels, upsetting the equilibrium through surgical stress and excision of the tumour burden with a reduction in IFN-γ, IL-12p40, CD28, CD40L and TNF-α. The gene discussed is CD40LG; the disease is neoplasm.