While Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been identified as important for the induction of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the liver of L. donovani-infected mice, controlling parasite burden, TLR2 was associated with the promotion of infection (51). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.