TNF and bacterial infectious disease: Several studies have been reported that the progression to severe forms of infection by COVID-19 (but this also true for many viral and bacterial infections like the development of sepsis) is associated with an overt and dysregulated production of inflammatory factors like IL1β, IL6, TNFα, IFNγ, GMCSF, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CXCL10 and many others (202, 203).