In our study, the DEGs between the IVO and IVM groups included Ndufa7, Ndufs7, Cox6a2, Ndufs5, Ndufb1, and Uqcrh, all of which were enriched in the mitochondrial OXPHOS pathway involving SE, A3SS, or A5SS splicing events, and overlapped with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Huntington disease, Parkinson disease, and thermogenesis-enriched pathways. Here, NDUFS7 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.