LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Leptin, a 16-kDa peptide hormonal product of the obese gene is produced and secreted by white adipose tissue in proportion to adiposity (Frederich et al., 1995; Lönnqvist et al., 1995; Caro et al., 1996; Münzberg and Morrison, 2015; Cui et al., 2017), has been shown to be elevated in obesity (Lönnqvist et al., 1995; Blevins et al., 2002; Badman and Flier, 2005; Haynes, 2005; Scarpace and Zhang, 2007; Zhang and Chua, 2017).