RENBP and infection: Although the development and duration of serological responses (which indicate infection with the parasite) to specific antifilarial Abs such as Bm14, Bm33, and Wb123 are poorly understood, Ab testing may have a potential role in post-MDA and postvalidation surveillance in W bancrofti–endemic areas (Won et al., 2018b) because of the lack of a gold standard for infection detection by Ag tests.