Recently, our laboratory demonstrated that the TLR3 SNP, Leu412Phe (TLR3 L412F, rs3775291), which results in defective TLR3 function, is associated with a significantly greater risk of mortality and an accelerated rate of decline in FVC of lung function in IPF patients [26, 33]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.