CFTR and cystic fibrosis: A study highlighted the relationship between CFTR mutations andmicroRNA (miRNA)-controlled pathways.35 miRNAs are single-stranded noncoding RNAs that regulate cell differentiation,growth, and proliferation as well as apoptosis and gene expression.40 CFTR plays a pivotal role in cellular homeostasisby regulating Cl– and HCO3– ingress and egress, and the concentrations of these ions influencemiRNA expression, causing abnormal lung epithelial remodeling andaltered immune response in CF patients.