In terms of tumorigenicity, GRP78 also contributes to various stem-like properties of pancreatic cancer cells, such as clonogenicity, self-renewal and invasion, which translate into a reduced capacity to initiate tumor formation and to decreased tumor weight in nude mice subcutaneously injected with pancreatic cancer cells (Dauer et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.