Similar results have also been reported when autophagy inhibitors are combined with ERK1/2 inhibitors (ERKi) in patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenograft models and when used in triple combination with the BRAF and CRAF (also known as RAF1) kinase inhibitors in KRAS-mutant cell lines (Bryant et al., 2019; Lee et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK3 and pancreatic neoplasm.