In our study, injection of MSU crystals and feeding with HFD resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae in the gut microbiota with a negative correlation observed between Muribaculaceae and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and XOD and MPO activities, whereas no association was observed between the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and purine metabolism, which is closely related to the development of gout. The gene discussed is MPO; the disease is gout.