TNF and gout: In our study, injection of MSU crystals and feeding with HFD resulted in a decrease in the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae in the gut microbiota with a negative correlation observed between Muribaculaceae and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and XOD and MPO activities, whereas no association was observed between the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae and purine metabolism, which is closely related to the development of gout.