TNF and keratinocyte carcinoma: The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNFα possess cancer-promoting functions and are commonly overexpressed in many malignancies including keratinocyte cancers (Gambichler et al., 2006; Lin and Karin, 2007; Lederle et al., 2011; Moussai et al., 2011; Ghahartars et al., 2021).