Briefly, cord plasma IGF-I (76.6 ± 27.8 versus 68.1 ± 25.1 ng/mL, P=0.008) and IGF-II (195.3 ± 32.5 versus 187.5 ± 30.8 ng/mL, P=0.04) concentrations were significantly higher in GDM versus euglycemic pregnancies, while insulin concentrations were not significantly different (29). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is gestational diabetes.