Studies have shown that in mice with renal tubule-specific knockout of Keap1, moderate activation of Nrf2 might reduce the damage caused by ischemia or nephrotoxic substances, while excessive and continuous activation of Nrf2 loses this protective effect (Noel et al., 2016; Tan et al., 2016; Nezu et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene KEAP1 and ischemia.