Furthermore, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, conditions linked to stress, have been associated with altered levels of diffuse ECM molecules, such as reelin, hyaluronan, and laminin (Fatemi et al., 2000; Guidotti et al., 2000; Laifenfeld et al., 2005b; Lubbers et al., 2014; Ventorp et al., 2016), and increased PNNs have been reported in the prefrontal cortex of suicide victims previously exposed to childhood maltreatment (Tanti et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene LAMB2 and bipolar disorder.