SMAD3 and neoplasm: Conversely, both non-tumor BRAFV600E parenchyma and adenomas showed increased pSTAT3 staining compared to controls (Supplementary Fig. 6D), thus indicating that BRAFV600E activates STAT3, but not SMAD3, in the lung and potentially suggesting that p21CIP1 may be induced via STAT3 in BRAFV600E lung parenchyma.