Although several signalling mediators (such as transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells [NF-κB], signal transduction and transcriptional activators 3) are involved in driving renal fibrosis; the detailed molecular mechanism underlying renal fibrosis in DM has not been fully determined. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.