Studies are exploring the diagnostic value of galactose lectin 3 in heart failure, for example: Kanukurti et al. obtained the diagnostic threshold of 10.1 ng/mL, and suggested that galectin-3 and NT-proBNP should be combined for the diagnosis of HFpEF (36); another study mentioned that the cut-off value of 17.8 ng/ml for galectin-3 to diagnose heart failure (37). Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.