Indeed, dysregulation of TGF-β superfamily signaling has been implicated in numerous cardiomyopathies and vasculopathies, including atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, in addition to PAH (9–12). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.