HMOX1 and cancer: Here our results that 50 μM of DMF induced GSH depletion (Supplementary Figure 2) and increased expression and nuclear translocation of NRF2 as well as the protein levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in melanoma cells (Figures 3A–G) were consistent with the previous observations (32), suggesting DMF have similar functions in melanoma as in other cancer lines.