It was reported that high-dose DMF (100 μM) did not alter NRF2 and HO-1(HMOX1) levels in ovarian carcinoma cells OVCAR3, but induced parallel increase of oxidative stress and GSH depletion, thus displayed cytotoxicity, whereas, lower dose DMF (0.25-5 μM) induced NRF2 activation and were cytoprotective (32). Here, HMOX1 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.