MTOR and cancer: Among the top 20 pathways (P < 0.05) accommodating those downregulated genes, Hippo, mTOR, MAPK, and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways (Figure 4E) were noteworthy, because the Hippo signaling pathway, an important regulator of the pathophysiology of cancer, had the smallest P-value, and the MAPK, AKT/mTOR and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways were widely believed to be the important targets for melanoma therapy.