That is, most patients who respond to ICI therapy88,89 have a TME containing an increased number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with a high T effector cell (Teff) to Treg ratio, high levels of neoantigen expression and mutational load, increased secretion of IFNγ and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, and low levels of MDSCs.88 The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is neoplasm.