IGF-1 and IGF-1R also play important roles in the formation and development of GD (Minuto et al., 1989), thyroid carcinoma and thyroid nodules (Karagiannis et al., 2020; Y. J.; Liu et al., 2011; Y. J.; Liu et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and thyroid gland carcinoma.