Plasma S100A12 levels were lower in females than males in untreated RRMS patients (Mann–Whitney; P = 0.03, Fig. 3A), also the plasma S100A12 levels were reduced in females than males in high-risk group (Mann–Whitney; P = 0.029, Fig. 3B). The gene discussed is S100A12; the disease is relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.