Contrarily, as the value of risk score or the expression of the other four risk genes (DIRAS3, NAMPT, P4HB, and SPHK1) increased, the histological grade, pathological stage, T status, or N status of BLCA patients increased (P < 0.05; Fig. 5E–U). Here, SPHK1 is linked to bladder transitional cell carcinoma.