Immunohistochemistry on human GBM tissues showed that S100A4 was expressed in glioma infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages (Supplementary Fig. 8), and double immunofluorescence analysis of human GBM and mouse glioma samples confirmed that S100A4 was co-expressed with markers of immune-suppressive macrophages (CD206 and CD163) and T cells (FOXP3, Fig. 6c). Here, MRC1 is linked to glioma.