S100A4 and glioma: To functionally determine whether glioma-associated S100a4−/− immune cells are more anti-tumorigenic, we performed in vitro functional assays using T cells and myeloid cells (glioma-associated myeloid cells: GAMS) isolated from B6(S100a4+/+), S100a4+/−, and S100a4−/− host gliomas (Fig. 7a).