The top three gastric cancer-specific pathways consisted of 32 genes including TP53, BRCA1, MSH6, PARP1, and ACTA2, which were enriched for DNA damage response, TGF-ß signaling, and cell proliferation pathways (Supplementary Fig. S1, Supplementary Table S2, and Supplementary Data 2). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and gastric cancer.