In rheumatoid arthritis, significant increases in neutrophil and regulatory T-cell proportions and decreases in memory B cell, memory CD4 cell, naïve CD4 cell, memory CD8 cell, naïve CD8 cell, eosinophil, monocyte, and NK cell proportions were observed in case blood samples (n = 354) compared to control blood samples (n = 355) (Wilcoxon rank-sum P < 0.01, Supplementary Fig. 10). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and rheumatoid arthritis.