While CSF1R blockade was found to upregulate PD-L1 expression, a combination of CSF1R inhibitor (GW2580 800 mg/kg in chow), PD-1 antagonist (200 μg/dose every 4 to 5 days; clone RMP1–14), and gemcitabine (50 mg/kg every 4 to 5 days) reduced tumor progression by more than 90% in a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model [80]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.