IRF3 and cytomegalovirus infection: Because the expression of PLSCR1 and MxA is known to be upregulated by IRF-3 (44, 45) and the HCMV tegument protein pp65 (UL83) is suggested to repress IRF-3-mediated gene regulation (46), dysregulation of IRF-3 expression may be involved in the observed HCMV infection-mediated downregulation of PLSCR1 and MxA expression.