This trend may have been associated with two functional aspects of INSL3: firstly, this hormone may be present at high levels to protect against apoptosis in germ cells,35,36 a mechanism that is potentially exacerbated in individuals with 5ARD2 and PAIS, thus resulting in infertility;36 and secondly, this increment in INSL3 levels is potentially associated with its induction of steroidogenesis in the context of both relative (5ARD2) and partial (PAIS) androgen insufficiency.32,37,38,39. This evidence concerns the gene INSL3 and Infertility.