To summarize, several studies found elevated levels of chemokines CCL2/MCP‐1, CCL3/MIP‐1⍺, CCL4/MIP‐1β, CCL5/RANTES or CXCL10/IP‐10 in BOS and/or RAS patients, while others did not. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and Buschke-Ollendorff syndrome.