For instance, miR-10b-5p has been shown to support self-renewal of breast CSCs by modulating the PTEN/AKT pathway37 and can drive the stem cell phenotype of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.43 We identified miR-10b-5p as a direct target of SOX2 (Fig. 3) and demonstrate this miRNA regulates TET2 and 5hmC levels in GSCs (Fig. 4 and Supplementary Fig. 6). Here, PTEN is linked to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.