IDO1 and glioma: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), an Trp dioxygenase extensively detected in mammalian tissues except the liver [211–213], usually degrades Trp into L- kynurenine that subsequently activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) via the Kyn–AhR–AQP4 signaling pathway, which promotes cell motility and increases malignancy of gliomas.