In MCI, IL-17 and TNF-α signaling pathways were significantly enriched (P < 0.001), while in MC, KEGG pathways associated with asthma and type-1 diabetes mellitus were enriched with several MHC class II genes (including HLA-DPA1, HLA-DQA1, etc.)(P < 0.001; Figure 4B), suggesting a cytokine-signaling-increased function of the MCI subgroup and more potent antigen-presenting function in the MC subgroup. Here, HLA-DQA1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.