If MMRN1 is to be used for cancer diagnosis, detection methods need to be optimised and standardised to provide reliable MMRN1 detection, which can be carried out in a clinical/diagnostic setting e.g., in cervical cancer MMRN1 expression is observed to be either up- or downregulated, depending on whether urine [107] or plasma [25] was analysed (Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene MMRN1 and cancer.