TNF and COVID-19: These included (i) temporally ordered upward and downward changes in plasma proteins reestablishing homeostasis and (ii) post-transfusion disappearance of a particular subset of dysfunctional monocytes characterized by hyperactivated Interferon responses and decreased TNF-α signaling.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Monitoring specific subsets of innate immune cells in peripheral blood may provide prognostic keys in severe COVID-19.