In addition, no abnormalities in serum insulin levels were detectable in the normal and mutant groups, suggesting that the enhanced hepatic gluconeogenesis induced by 1,25(OH)2D3 deficiency may not cause whole-body insulin resistance in mice aged 6 months; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that skeletal muscle and adipose tissues will also exhibit insulin resistance similar to that in the liver as the 1,25(OH)2D3-deficient mice grow older. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.